и что это даказывает? все это крайне ограничено. полиция не имеет просто так никого убивать, полиция находится в еще более строгих рамках чем самозащита. самооборона разрешена не в любых странах и с огромными ограничениями. например в США стрелять в преступника легально только если вы на своей частной земле и у вас есть прямая угроза жизни (то есть преступник уже выставил и направил на вас пистолет). пистолет преступника направленный не на вас а скажем в воздух не является оправданием на самооборону и даже грабёж не является (то есть если преступник просто хочет унести ваши вещи но не угрожает вам смертью, то застрелить его вы не можете по закону, вы должны вызвать полицию).
еще как меняет. большая ошибка смотреть на очень маленькие флуктуации и делать выводы на 100 лет. чтобы делать выводы на 100 лет нужно смотреть на факты по более большому сроку.
недавно один профессор из Харварда написал интересную работу
At the century scale, it is hard to find quantitative studies of deaths in warfare spanning medieval and modern times. Several historians have suggested that there has been an increase in the number of recorded wars across the centuries to the present, but, as political scientist James Payne has noted, this may show only that "the Associated Press is a more comprehensive source of information about battles around the world than were sixteenth-century monks." Social histories of the West provide evidence of numerous barbaric practices that became obsolete in the last five centuries, such as slavery, amputation, blinding, branding, flaying, disembowelment, burning at the stake, breaking on the wheel, and so on. Meanwhile, for another kind of violence--homicide--the data are abundant and striking. The criminologist Manuel Eisner has assembled hundreds of homicide estimates from Western European localities that kept records at some point between 1200 and the mid-1990s. In every country he analyzed, murder rates declined steeply--for example, from 24 homicides per 100,000 Englishmen in the fourteenth century to 0.6 per 100,000 by the early 1960s. On the scale of decades, comprehensive data again paint a shockingly happy picture: Global violence has fallen steadily since the middle of the twentieth century. According to the , the number of battle deaths in interstate wars has declined from more than 65,000 per year in the 1950s to less than 2,000 per year in this decade. In Western Europe and the Americas, the second half of the century saw a steep decline in the number of wars, military coups, and deadly ethnic riots. Human Security Brief 2006 Zooming in by a further power of ten exposes yet another reduction. After the cold war, every part of the world saw a steep drop-off in state-based conflicts, and those that do occur are more likely to end in negotiated settlements rather than being fought to the bitter end. Meanwhile, according to political scientist Barbara Harff, between 1989 and 2005 the number of campaigns of mass killing of civilians decreased by 90 percent.
![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png)
timeasmymeasure
no subject
Date: 2011-11-02 01:20 am (UTC)еще как меняет. большая ошибка смотреть на очень маленькие флуктуации и делать выводы на 100 лет. чтобы делать выводы на 100 лет нужно смотреть на факты по более большому сроку.
недавно один профессор из Харварда написал интересную работу
http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/articles/media/2007_03_19_New%20Republic.pdf
At the century scale, it is hard to find quantitative studies of deaths in warfare
spanning medieval and modern times. Several historians have suggested that there
has been an increase in the number of recorded wars across the centuries to the
present, but, as political scientist James Payne has noted, this may show only that
"the Associated Press is a more comprehensive source of information about battles
around the world than were sixteenth-century monks." Social histories of the West
provide evidence of numerous barbaric practices that became obsolete in the last five
centuries, such as slavery, amputation, blinding, branding, flaying, disembowelment,
burning at the stake, breaking on the wheel, and so on. Meanwhile, for another kind
of violence--homicide--the data are abundant and striking. The criminologist Manuel
Eisner has assembled hundreds of homicide estimates from Western European
localities that kept records at some point between 1200 and the mid-1990s. In every
country he analyzed, murder rates declined steeply--for example, from 24 homicides
per 100,000 Englishmen in the fourteenth century to 0.6 per 100,000 by the early
1960s.
On the scale of decades, comprehensive data again paint a shockingly happy picture:
Global violence has fallen steadily since the middle of the twentieth century.
According to the , the number of battle deaths in
interstate wars has declined from more than 65,000 per year in the 1950s to less than
2,000 per year in this decade. In Western Europe and the Americas, the second half
of the century saw a steep decline in the number of wars, military coups, and deadly
ethnic riots.
Human Security Brief 2006
Zooming in by a further power of ten exposes yet another reduction. After the cold
war, every part of the world saw a steep drop-off in state-based conflicts, and those
that do occur are more likely to end in negotiated settlements rather than being fought
to the bitter end. Meanwhile, according to political scientist Barbara Harff, between
1989 and 2005 the number of campaigns of mass killing of civilians decreased by 90
percent.