on one page1. Idea
The theory of objects is the logical theory whose models in a category 𝒞 are precisely the objects of 𝒞.
2. Definition
The theory of objects 𝕆 is the theory with no axioms over the signature with a single type and no primitive symbols except equality.
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The classifying topos 𝒮[𝕆] for the theory of objects 𝕆, or the object classifier, as it is also called, is the presheaf topos
[FinSet,Set] on the opposite category of
FinSet.
What motivates the terminology, is that for any topos
E, geometric morphisms
E→𝒮[𝕆] correspond to objects of
E.